Identify a major nationalist movement in Asia or Africa during the 20th century and its outcome.

• A. Vietnam's independence movement resulting in the 1954 Geneva Accords.
• B. India's independence movement leading to independence in 1947 (Partition and independence).
• C. Algeria's independence movement in 1962.
• D. Kenya's independence movement.

Answer: (B)

Nationalist movements in Asia and Africa in the 20th century sought to end colonial rule and win self-government, often reshaping entire regions. The Indian independence movement fits this pattern most clearly: it led to Britain granting independence in 1947, ending nearly a century of British rule on the subcontinent. The outcome also included the partition of the territory into two states, India and Pakistan, a defining political event with lasting consequences for regional relations, security, and demographics. This example is especially memorable for showing how a mass, nonviolent campaign can achieve sovereign self-rule and bring about a major territorial reorganization.

Other movements did gain independence as well, such as Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Accords (which established temporary division of the country), Algeria in 1962 after a brutal war, and Kenya in 1963 with its own path to independence. But the Indian case stands out for its broad influence, clear date of independence, and the significant partition outcome that shaped later history.